FORWARD TO THE THIRD EDITION

Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) came into being as a metamorphosed version of the defunct Anambra State University of , Science and Technology (ASUTECH) following the creation of Enugu State in 1991. The Faculty of Applied Natural Sciences (FANS) was one of the pioneer faculties. FANS has been the bedrock upon which the academic programmes of the various University Faculties are anchored. Without prejudice to the above, the faculty has been conducting first degree examinations for the award of bachelors’ Degree in seven departments since 1996.
In reaching out to applicants, the Faculty publishes vital information/guidelines in a brochure which has come To be popularly known as the “Faculty Handbook’ The handbook provides applicants with detailed information on Courses offered and the entry requirements into bachelor Degree Programmes for the departments in the Faculty. In addition; the handbook contains information on the philosophy and objectives of the Faculty and the individual department; regulations governing the conduct of examinations; examinations grading system: project reports and degree classifications and prospects for graduates of the Faculty.
This (third) edition, in consonance with the National Universities ‘Commission (NUC) Minimum Academic Standards, is a revised, up-to-date version of the preceding editions. However changes will continue to be made from time to time in future editions. It is hoped that maximum benefit will be derived from this new edition. Students, applicants and students’ academic advisers are therefore advised to study the Handbook thoroughly. They will be glad they did.

Prof. S.N. Amujiogu (Ph.D)
Dean, Faculty of Applied Natural Science
April 2008

OFFICE OF THE DEAN FACULTY OF APPLIED NATURAL SCIENCE

Senior Staff List
	QUALIFICATION	POSITION
Amujiogu S.N.	B. Sc (Germany)	Professor and Dean
	M. Sc. (USA)
	Ph. D. (USA)
Okwor F.C.	B. Sc (Rons) (UniPort)	Snr. Assit. Registrar
	PGD (Nig	(Faculty Officer)
Ekwueme, G.O.	HND (FPI)	Accountant II
	MBA (IMSU)	(Finance Officer)
Ugwuoke D.O.	B. Sc. (ABSU)	Secretary
	RSA, NABTEB

I. PHILOSOPHY AND OBJECTIVES OF THE FACULTY

The Faculty aims at producing scientific and technological manpower required to achieve the goals of Nigeria in general and those of Enugu State in particular. For this purpose emphasis in the students’ training is placed on the following objectives:

• The inculcation of the fundamental principles of science (the scientific methods).
• The development of capability for innovation and improvisation/using local resources, and
• The application of the scientific method in technological development with a view to solving the problems of our society

Based on the above, it is hoped that the graduates produced will

• Meet the needs of the State Government and the country for the teaching of all science subjects in the various institutions of learning;
• Fit into positions in the Science and Research sectors of the various ministries and parastatals, and
• Be able to set up small-scale industries and other commercial projects consequent on the practical and applied orientation of the training programmes undergone.

II. CONSTITUENT DEPARTMENTS OF THE FACULTY

The Faculty at present consists of the following departments:

• Applied Biochemistry
• Applied Biology & Biotechnology
• Applied Microbiology and Brewing
• Geology and Mining
• Industrial Chemistry
• Industrial Mathematics, Statistics and Demography
• Industrial Physics

III. ADMISSIONS

Admission into the Faculty programme is through the national University Matriculation Examination (UME), Pre-Science (pre-degree) programme of ESUT and Direct Entry (DE) for holders of Advance Level, GCE and Diploma certificates.

The basic qualifications for admission of students through UME is O’level credits obtained in not more than Two sittings in at least FIVE subjects. In addition, individual departmental requirements must be satisfied as shown in Table I.

Requirements for admission into the various departments
S/No	Department	UME/Pre-science	Direct Entry
		Requirements	Requirements
1	Applied	O’Level credits in	A good OND with at
	Biochemistry	English, Biology,	least 2.5 CGPA; A-Level
		Chemistry and Physics	passes in Chemistry,
		or Maths	Biology and Maths of Physics
2	Applied Biology	O’Level credits in	A-Level passes in
		English, Biology or	Biology, Chemistry or
		Agric Sc. Chemistry and Physics or Maths	Maths; or its equivalent acceptable OND/HND
3	Applied	O’Level credits in	A-Level passes in
	Microbiology and Brewing	English, Biology or	Biology and Chem. or
		Health Sc./Agic Sc.,	Physics or Maths. Or its
		Chemistry and Maths or Physics	equivalent acceptable OND/HND
4	Geology and Mining	O-Level credits in English, Maths.,	A-Level passes in any two of Physics,
		Physics, Chemistry and	Chemistry and Maths,
		any other Science subjects	acceptable OND/HND
5	Industrial	O-Level credits in English,	A-Level passes in Chemistry, and Maths or
		Chemistry, Physics and Maths	Physics or its equivalent; acceptable OND or HND
6	Industrial Maths,	O-Level credits in English,	A-Level passes in two subjects which must
	Statistics and Demography	Maths or Statistics plus any two of Add Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Economics	include Physics and Maths or Statistics or its equivalent, with a pass in Chemistry at O-Level; NCE or OND in related courses
7	Industrial Physics	O-Level credits in English, Physics, Maths and at least a Pass level in Chemistry Biology or Agric, Sci.	A-Level passes in Physics and Maths or Statistics, and pass level in Chemistry, or its equivalent. OND/ in Sci. Technology/Engineering

IV. GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS UNDER THE COURSE CREDIT SYSTEM

• For progress through the degree programmes under this system, students should note certain points. They are important enough to be introduced as background information at this point.

• Every student is assigned an academic adviser who guides the student throughout his/her academic programme in the faculty.
• A student admitted to the University for the first time to read for a degree will be required to matriculate and sign the matriculation register. This exercise is usually organized by the University.
• Proper and timely registration is very important Under the Course Credit System. This is to because the programmes of student are individualized. Students who attempt examinations in courses for which they have not registered will receive no results.

• REGISTRATION

Registration begins with payment of the stipulated fees and other charges to the University in designated banks. Receipts are issued by the University Bursar. Thereafter, registration forms are collected from the faculty office upon presentation of the official receipts. Any student who, by chance, sits for semester examinations without paying school fees and other charges .shall receive no results.

• Normal Registration: It shall be mandatory for all students to register for courses at the beginning of each semester of a session in accordance with the rules made from time to time by the University. Normal Registration for courses shall end at an appropriate time/date to be determined by the University. Registration forms must be carefully and correctly filled out. Cancellations, erasures, mutilations, tee pex, etc are not allowed on the fm bearing any of these defects is nullified and therefore Academic advisers should be consulted before filling the
• Late Registration: Late Registration may be allowed only on payment of a penalty fee which varies from time to time according to the University regulations. The University stipulates the period for late registration.
• There is no promotion from year to year within the course unit system. If the time table permits, a third year student may, for example, take a lower level course, provided that he/she has the pre-requisites (if any).
• Students are never asked to repeat an entire year unless their cumulative grade point average is below 1.0. They repeat only those courses which they fail. Students carrying over courses shall not be allowed to register for more that the approved maximum number of units for the Session. Carry-over courses are registered before new ones.
• Work Load: A student shall normally, in any one academic year, be allowed to register for, and take a minimum of 30 credits and a maximum of 48 credits. Thus, no student can be credited with more than 48 credits at the end of each academic year. Without prejudice to the above, a graduating student may register for only the number of credits he requires to graduate.
• Lectures for all Repeat courses should be attended in their entirety. Most of the problems encountered by students under the course credit system are caused by students’ failure to attend lectures and do homework in courses which they are repeating. Repeating courses without attending the whole course of lectures and doing all the class assignment have often resulted in repeated failures. Even when the same lecturer is giving a course a second or third time, he will more often than not upgrade his notes to incorporate recent advances in science. This will make things difficult for the student who is relying only on reading of previous notes.
• Course Evaluation: Students may be examined by a combination of following methods:

• Term Paper
• Unannounced quizzes
• Take-home assignments
• Mid semester examinations
• Practicals
• Semester (end of course) examinations.

• (a) - (e) above make up the Continuous Assessment which forms part of the end of course grading, provided that it does not count for more than 30%.

IMPORTANT REGULATIONS GOVERNING THE COURSE CREDIT SYSTEM IN THE UNIVERSITY

• Title of Degree: The Faculty provides a 5-year, 4-year and a 3-year programme leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) with Honours in the appropriate subject or degree option.
• Credits and minimum credit load: Courses shall be evaluated in terms of Credits (or Units). A credit (unit) is a one-hour lecture contact per week, or two or three hour laboratory/practical/tutorial class per week or an equivalent amount of study or any combination of these lasting a semester. Thus a credit (unit) load is equivalent to 15 lecture hours or 30 -45 hours of practical, or tutorials.
• Course Coding: Courses are coded by the following approved character codes for the various departments. BCH for Applied Biochemistry BIO for Applied Biology AMB for Applied Microbiology and Brewing GLM for Geology and Mining ICH for Industrial Chemistry MAT/STA for Industrial Mathematics, Statistics & Demography PHY for Industrial Physics
• Course Numbering: A three-digit code is adopted as follows: The first digit denotes the level or year of study. The second digit denotes the subject area (specialist or core area). The third digit denotes the order in which the courses are given provided that: odd numbers represent first semester courses, even numbers represent second semester courses
• *Details of this are given in the programme of each department, zero (0) represent courses running throughout both first and second semesters. Second and third digits as 99 represent SI WES/IT.
• Elective courses: These are courses which can be registered only under the advice of the academic adviser as required courses, and must be passed by a student so advised in order to graduate.
• Core Courses: These are courses that must be offered and passed by all students in any undergraduate programme option of the department,
• Optional Courses: These are courses which may be taken by a student to make up the minimum credits requirements in a semester. All registered courses must however be passed before graduation.
• Industrial Training (IT): Industrial training during the second semester of the third year is compulsory for all students in the Faculty. IT is designed to give students an opportunity to put into practice the knowledge which they have acquired in the classroom, in an industry or related establishment. This Industrial work experience is usually supervised by the Faculty. IT is a pre- requisite for graduation and carries 3 credits.
• Registration of Courses: Courses are registered at the beginning of every session. Failed courses are registered first and higher level courses are then added to make up the approved maximum of 24 credits per semester (if the student is advised to carry full load). Students from other faculties taking service courses in any of the departments in the Faculty MUST register with the relevant departments in the faculty in order to qualify to take the examination. Failure to register means that no record of the student will be in the department/faculty and consequently, no provision will be made for the Indent’s examinations.
• Degree Requirements: To be eligible for a B.Sc. degree in any department in the Faculty, a candidate must successfully complete the following:

• University common courses
• Intra and Inter-faculty courses
• Departmental core courses
• SIWES/IT
• Satisfactory completion of an original research project.

PROJECT REPORT

Undergraduate project report intended for submission to any department in the faculty must be produced according to the prescribed format described below. Project reports that do not conform to the format will be rejected.

• General information: The original project report should be of high quality, produced with word processor. The text should be written in clear, concise language, devoid of flowery, flowing expressions or newspaper language. It should be typed on one face of the paper only, and double-spaced. Hand-written corrections in the projett repot should, be avoided. Abbreviations used in the text must be explained the first time they occur. Mathematical symbols must be clearly and consistently typed to ensure that the meaning and positions are unambiguous. The Faculty colour for bound project report is dark green. For the viva voce (project defence) the project report should be soft bound. After the necessary corrections following the viva voce, the project report should be hard bound for final submission. Three (3) hardbound copies, including the original copy should be submitted on or before the official date for end of lectures for the second semester. Failure to comply means that the student will join the next batch of students in the second semester of the next academic year. There is no provision for inviting the external examiner twice for students’ Viva voce in one academic year. A student is deemed to have completed his/her project and will be entitled to a grade only after the submission of the hard bound copies.
• Layout of the project report: The project report shall consist of different sections as follows:

• Title page
• Approval page (Certification page)
• Dedication (if any)
• Acknowledgement
• List of tables and figures
• Table of content
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Materials and methods
• Resets and discussions
• Conclusions
• References
• * Can be written under separate headings of (a) Results and (b) Discussions

• Title page: Tie title page must begin with the title of the project and -the name of the author. This page should also contain a statement that the project report is submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of a Bachelors .Degree in the student’department.
• Abstract: The project report must begin with an abstract. The abstract should not exceed 300 words, and stating only the highlights of the findings. The abstract which should not be broken into paragraphs should neither contain materials and methods (or any sections of them) nor references.
• The text: References within the text (Introduction, Literature Review. Results and Discussion) should be cited as follows: (Dale, 1988): (Umeh and Joshi. 1993); (Auwalu et al., 1995).
• References: Authors cited in the text should be written and arranged in alphabetical order. Where an author has several publications, the earliest is written first while the latest publication is listed last. Several publications by the same author in one year are cited with the letters (a), (b), (;), etc written after the year in question in order of publication. For joint authorship, the names of all the joint authors must be included.
  The examples given below show the style of referencing approved by the Faculty.
  Okonkwo, C.A.C. (1988);. Efficacy of formaldehyde in the control of stem rot disease of cowpeainN.geria. Crop Protection 8:280-282. Okonkwo, C.A.C. (1993), Taro, Colocasia spp. In: Kalloo and Bergh, (eds.) Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops. Pergamon Press, Ooxford, pp. 709- 715. Umeh, E.D.N. and Joshi. R. C.(1993). Aspects of the biology, ecology and natural biological control of the African rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzvora Harris and Gagne (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) in South East Nigeria. J. Appl. Ent 116:391-398. Auwalu, B. M Oseni, T.O., Okonkwo, C.A.C., Tenebe, V. A., Pal, U. R (1995). Influence of some agronomic practices on the growth and yield of Vegetable sesame (Sesamum radiatum). Adv. Hort. Sci. 9:33- 36.
• Tables and figures: These should be clearly set and placed at the top or bottom of the pages if possible. The text should not be wrapped around tables and figures. Tables are numbered (Roman numerals) in the order in which they are first mentioned. Captions should be placed on top of the table. Figures are also numbered (Arabic numerals) in the order in which they are first mentioned, and captions placed below. Line drawings should be prepared. Author’s sketches are not acceptable. Graphs must be properly labelled with clear explanations e.g. the axes should be labelled and curves demarcated with different symbols. Photographs (if any) shall be good quality glossy prints.

Guidelines for producing the report:

• All project reports must be produced on standard A4 paper (20cm x26cm).
• Line spacing: Set at 2. Leave a line space between paragraphs.
• Italics: Use italics for all scientific/ non-English words.
• Where this is not available, underline all scientific/non-English words. For example Periplanata americana. et al-
• ‘Widow/Orphan’ lines: Never start a page with the last line of paragraph or a displayed list; and never finish a page with the first line of a paragraph or a displayed list. Make sure that all the headings are followed on the same page by at least two lines of text.
• Finally, read over your typed document carefully. You lose a lot of marks by allowing typographical errors (and attributing them to the typist:).

EXAMINATION SCORING AND GRADING k SYSTEM/DEGREE CLASSIFICATION

• The following examination scoring, grading and degree classification system shown in Table IV is adopted in the Faculty and the University and it is in consonance with the NUC approved guidelines.

Table IV: Scoring, grading and degree classification system.

Credit Hours (CH)	Percentage Score	Letter Grades	Grade Points(GP)	Grade Points Average(GPA)	Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)	Class of Degree
Vary according to contact hours assigned to each course per week per semester and according to student’s workload	70-100 60-69 50 -56 45 -49 40 –44 0 - 39	A B C D E F	5.00 4.00 3.00 2-00 1.00 0.00	Derived by the total of the grade points divided by the total Number of credit hours i.e. = GPA P Total Ch	4.50-5.00 3.50-4.49 2.40-3.49 1.50-2.39 1.0 -1.49 00.99	First Class 2nd Class Upper 2nd Class Lower Third Class Pass Fail
				TotalG

The degree classification will be based on the Final Cumulative Grade Point Average (FCGPA). FCGPA shall be calculated by dividing the sum of Grade Points for all the courses taken by the total credits of courses taken.

• Grading of repeated courses: Students earn their full marks in repeated courses. However, in calculating the CGPA, the Grade Points earned in all attempts (including the failed attempts) are used. Below is the Faculty Progressive Result Sheet (usually referred to as the ‘Card’) used to record grades of each student from Year 1 - 4 (or more ), for computation of FCGPA to determine class of degree. Student are advised to use this sheet to work out their CGPA as they progress from year 1 to the final. In this way, it will be clear to the student where he/she is heading to so that, at the end, the student will not say “they gave me...!”

EXAMINATION REGULATIONS

• General Information

• Any student who fails to attain at least 70% lecture attendance in a registered course is not entitled to take exams in that course.
• Students shall be examined on courses taught during the semester.
• No student shall be absent from any examination for which he/she is due except on account of ill-health certified by a medical practitioner approved by the university, or for some other reason(s) approved by Senate.
• Course Examination missed for whatever reason, or failed, shall be re-registered in the next earliest opportunity, usually in the relevant semester of the following academic year. There are no re-sit examinations.

• Examination Conduct

• At the commencement of university exams, all classrooms and laboratories become out of bounds to all students during the official examination hours of 08.00-17.00 hours except if they are writing officially scheduled examinations.
• Students shall use their registration numbers and not their names, during university examinations.
• In common course examinations, students should indicate their departments.
• No paper, notebook, textbook, etc shall be brought into the examination room by any candidate.
• Under no circumstances should answer booklets, used or unused, be removed from the examination halls by candidates.
• Normally no candidate shall be allowed to leave the examination hall within the first 30 minutes from the commencement of the examinations or to enter the hall after the first 30 minutes.
• No student is allowed to participate in the invigilation of any university examinations.
• Students are permitted to handle university answer scripts ONLY when writing exams.

EXAMINATION IRREGULARITIES AND SANCTIONS
S/NO	OFFENCE	SANCTION
1	Creating disturbance in any manner either with the intention to disrupt the peaceful order of the examination or to create confusion in the hall	A written warning
2	Disobeying the invigilator during the examination	Student fails the examination
3	Holding discussion with another candidate during an examination	The guilty student fails the course
4	Cheating by peeping into another’s work during an examination	The student fails the course. If there is any evidence of collaboration, the two students fail the course
5	Being in possession of materials relevant to the examination, which offence should be viewed more seriously, with the relevant Department ascertaining the relevance and gravity of the exhibit	Suspension for at least one year, depending on the gravity
6	Impersonation	Outright expulsion from the University
7	Exchanging Answer scripts during an examination	Suspension for one year.
8	Exchange of question papers with answers scribed on them during examination.	The two students or all the students involved should fail the examination.
9	Smuggling in already prepared answer scripts into the examination hall.	Expulsion from the University.
10	Smuggling out exam question papers with an intent to cheat	Suspension for one year.
11	Smuggling out or in of Answer script(s)	Suspension for one year.
12	Assault of an invigilator during an exam	Expulsion from the University
13	Destruction of evidence(s) material to invigilation	Expulsion
14	A student (or students) established to be a culprits) in the leakage of exam papers.	Expulsion
15	While first offender(s) will attract relevant punishment(s) as indicated in each case above, second or multiple offender(s) will attract punishment(s) to match the severity of his or their offence(s)